Welcome to Winter: Updated daily self-training regime

Today we officially entered winter here in Japan. So I decided to post my current self-training regime. I cannot believe that winter is back! Where did 2021 go? Before you read on, perhaps you remember my Kangeiko video last year? Irrespective, take care and all the best for your training! OSU, AB. 

 

KIHON

1. (Jiyu-dachi) Kizami-zuki (Zenkutsu-dachi) kara jodan oi-zuki, uraken jodan yokomawashi-uchi (Kiba-dachi), shuto jodan sotomawashi-uchi (Zenkutsu-dachi) soshite shuto jodan uchimawashi-uchi.

2. (Zenkutsu-dachi) Ippo sagatte jodan age-uke kara chudan mawashi-geri, uraken jodan yokomawashi-uchi soshite chudan oi-zuki.

 

3. (Zenkutsu-dachi) Chudan soto-uke kara chudanyoko-enpi (Kiba-dachi) soshite uraken jodan yokomawashi-uchi (Kiba-dachi).

 

4. (Zenkutsu-dachi) Kaiten-shinagara gedan-barai kara chudan uchi-uke (Nekoashi-dachi), jodan ura-zuki soshite chudan gyaku-zuki (Yoriashi—Zenkutsu-dachi).

 

5. (Kokutsu-dachi) Shuto chudan-uke kara chudan kizami mawashi-geri soshite yokonukite jodan gyaku-zuki (Zenkutsu-dachi).

 

6. Ren-geri: (Zenkutsu-dachi) Mae-geri keage kara yoko-geri kekomi, mawashi-geri soshite ushiro-geri kekomi.

 

KATA

A. Kanku Dai (intermittently accompanied by corresponding Heian). In sum, big scale, dynamic and large fundamental Shotokan Ryu waza. Don't get me wrong here.... I hate Kanku Dai as it epitomizes everything bad about my karate; hence, this practice. What I am trying to say here is that I'm challenging myself. I recommend that to you also! Always seek to leave 'the comfort zone'. That doesn't mean things will become your 'TOKUI', but it is uplifting in all regards.

B. Seiryu and Hushu (comparing and contrasting the extreme similarities and differences between these two Koten-gata from Asai Tetsuhiko Sensei). Asai Sensei when teaching often mixed up these two kata due to their similarities. To abstractly quote Funakoshi Sensei “…wind flows through the pine”. 

 

C. Random kata from the official IKS canon. For example, yesterday was Joko Gosei, today was Chinte, tomorrow??????????

 

KUMITE

 

I. Kihon Ippon Kumite

Special points: (a) to make all attacks optimally effective if the partners defense fails; and (b) to ensure that all counterattacks, if not controlled are optimally effective. Basic karate—Seiken to the jinchu, suigetsu; Josokutei to the ago, nodo, suigetsu etc...

 

II. Uchikomi

Repetitive practice of tokuiwaza. Blitzing with standup techniques: tsuki, uchi, keri, nage, gatame and shimewaza.

 

III. Newaza

Ground fighting practice focusing on my three tokuiwaza and various  shikake (set up strategies).

 

 

I will not provide my endurance and strength/power work this month as I want to share these at a later date, via a more comprehensive article. Best wishes, André

 

© André Bertel. Oita City, Japan (2021).

岩鶴 (Gankaku)

I was asked to write a brief overview on Gankaku. So here you are. 押忍!!

Tanaka Masahiko Sensei's Gankaku: Movement one:
 Ryoko jodan sokumen awase-uke (Migi kokutsu-dachi).

This kata was originally known as ‘Chinto’ after its Chinese innovator (who allegedly ended up on Okinawa due to a shipwreck).

 

The funny part of the tale is that he was apparently stealing people’s crops to survive. Eventually Matsumura Sokon was sent to give the naughty Chinaman a lesson but found him to be an excellent martial artist.

 

After which, for a time, Chinto was ‘invited’ to teach his style of Chinese boxing in the Tomari area (probably as a pay back for all the fruit and vegetables he pinched).

 

The more descriptive and eloquent name 岩鶴 (Gankaku)—later adopted Funakoshi Gichin Sensei—literally translates as ‘rock crane’. This typically poetic label ‘from Shoto himself’ brings to mind ‘a crane boldly standing on a rock’ as opposed to ‘a fruit and vegetable thief from across the ditch’.

 

With 42 movements, this Tomari-te kata follows the 一字形演武線 (Ichi ji gata enbusen). This is where the performance line is linear, just like the kanji for ichi; moreover, relates to training space and indeed the potentiality for a narrow environment for application. The kiai are applied on movements 28 and 42 respectively both waza of which are migi chudan oi-zuki

 

Nakayama Masatoshi Sensei wrote that “…the nucleus of this kata is the mastery of balance, rotation, and the simultaneous use of yoko keage and uraken”. Notice there’s no mention of using the Manji Kamae to grab a farmers apple, then rip it out of distance for a high fructose snack…

 

On a serious note... It is standard to utilize yoko-geri keage in this kata, but the older sideward mae-geri keage is also acceptable; however, other variants are not (in Budo/Bujutsu Karate). 

Please forgive me for quoting my June 24, 2010 article: 'Hangetsu, Jitte and Gankaku'

"Asai Tetsuhiko Sensei was infuriated by the changing of yoko keage to yoko kekomi (amongst many sports karate competitors). His belief was that the yoko keage in Gankaku was a refined/improved side kick from the original (which was a mae geri to the side, still found in many styles today). He explained that "the yoko keage means you kick the opponents testicles, who is next you without having to turn your body at all. The upward trajectory of yoko keage, and the distancing with this kick, means that uraken uchi can easily be used offensively or defensively."

 

Gankaku overview 

(Official stance and action per command count and 'a few AB practice tips')

 

1. Ryoko jodan sokumen awase-uke (Migi kokutsu-dachi). Note - this is JODAN if you like your front teeth! Many sports karateka do this waza lower to make it faster and easier. This has no meaning, only for speed and looks. Please reference Tanaka Sensei's above and compare it to sports karateka.

 

2. Ryosho juji chudan osae-uke (Migi kokutsu-dachi).

 

3. Saken chudan-zuki (Migi kokutsu-dachi).

 

4. Migi chudan gyaku-zuki (Migi kokutsu-dachi).

 

5. Kaiten shinagara migi sokumen migi gedan-barai (Kiba-dachi).

 

6. Kaisho jodan juji-uke (Hidari zenkutsu-dachi).

 

7. Ryoken mune-mae (Hidari zenkutsu-dachi).

 

8. Nidan-geri kara gedan juji-uke (Hidari zenkutsu-dachi).

 

9. Gedan juji-uke (Hidari zenkutsu-dachi).

 

10. Uken gedan-uke, saken migi koshi mae kamae (Hidari kokutsu-dachi).

 

11. Hidari shuto gedan-uke, migi shuto hidari koshi mae kamae (Hidari kokutsu-dachi).

 

12. Ryosho chudan kakiwake-uke (Migi zenkutsu-dachi).

 

13. Ryosho chudan kakiwake-uke (Kiba-dachi).

 

14. Ryoken ryogawa gedan-kakiwake (Hachiji-dachi).

 

15. Migi sokumen jodan uchi-uke doji ni hidari sokumen gedan-uke (Migi kokutsu-dachi). This is Manji-uke/Manji-gamae. Load with te-nagashi-uke doji ni gedan shuto uchikomi and when making the waza use a power ratio of 7:3.

 

16. Hidari sokumen jodan uchi-uke doji ni migi sokumen gedan-uke (Hidari kokutsu-dachi).

 

17. Migi sokumen jodan uchi-uke doji ni hidari sokumen gedan-uke (Migi kokutsu-dachi).

 

18. Gedan juju-uke (Hidari ashi mae tatehiza-dachi: Migi ashi orishiki hidari hiza-tate).

 

19. Ryoken chudan kakiwake-uke (Kiba-dachi).

 

20. Ryoken ryogawa gedan-kakiwake (Hachiji-dachi).

 

21. Ryoken ryokoshi-kamae (Hachiji-dachi). Do not stop on this movement; instead, move immediately into movement 22 and 23.

 

22. Migi furi-enpi (Hidari zenkutsu).

 

23. Hidari furi-enpi (Migi zenkutsu).

 

24. Ryoken chudan kakiwake-uke (Migi ashi mae kosa-dachi).

 

25. Migi sokumen jodan uchi-uke kamae doji ni hidari sokumen gedan kamae (Migi tsuruashi-dachi). If you are well trained, straighten the sasae-ashi. 

 

26. Migi ryoken migi koshi kamae (Migi tsuruashi-dachi). Complete the kamae by compressing by slightly bending the sasae-ashi.

 

27. Hidari sokuto yoko-geri keage doji ni hidari uraken jodan yokomawashi-uchi. If you understand, 'hybrid action'.

 

28. Migi chudan oi-zuki (Migi zenkutsu-dachi) —KIAI!

 

29. Hidari sokumen jodan uchi-uke kamae doji ni migi sokumen gedan kamae (Hidari tsuruashi-dachi).

 

30. Hidari ryoken hidari koshi kamae (Hidari tsuruashi-dachi).

 

31. Migi sokuto yoko-geri keage doji ni migi uraken jodan yokomawashi-uchi.

 

32. Saken migi sokumen chudan-zuki (Kiba-dachi).

 

33. Migi sokumen jodan uchi-uke kamae doji ni hidari sokumen gedan kamae (Migi tsuruashi-dachi).

 

34. Migi ryoken migi koshi kamae (Migi tsuruashi-dachi).

 

35. Hidari sokuto yoko-geri keage doji ni hidari uraken jodan yokomawashi-uchi.

 

36. Uke next hidari sokumen chudan-zuki (Kiba-dachi).

 

37. Migi shuto zukami-uke (Migi ashi zenkutsu). I personally do this the old way, however, the newer version used by the JKA is just effective. I recommend testing both methods in self defense practice and establishing what works best for you (outside of exams and competitions where organizational norms must be followed).

 

38. Hidari jodan tate-enpi usho-ate (Migi ashi zenkutsu).

 

39. Sasho-uken hidari koshi (Migi ashi zenkutsu).

 

40. Kaiten shinagara ryoken koshi kamae (Migi tsuruashi-dachi). As everyone knows, this is an arm break. Roll kaisho jodan juji-uke similar to Heian Godan, above the head, descending into ryoken koshi kamae. Spin and compress the stance for maximum control of COG in perfect harmony with the upper body rotation and arm/hand actions. This is te-ashi onaji at the highest level within the 26 standard Shotokan kata, as this is most demanding action for precise balance. As such, train with these utmost points in mind (in regards to this waza; thereby, making it an easy task. 

 

41. Hidari sokuto yoko-geri keage doji ni hidari uraken jodan yokomawashi-uchi.

 

42. Migi chudan oi-zuki (Migi zenkutsu-dachi)—KIAI! Always remember, CHUDAN attacks often become JODAN because of the previous action or actions. This point is very important in the application of the Shotokan kata and cannot be elucidated enough.

© André Bertel. Oita City, Japan (2021).

五本組手 (Gohon Kumite): An extension article 19 years later

 五本組手 (Gohon Kumite) is unique to Shotokan Karate and some of the derivatives of it. It is generally the first form of Kumite (‘the meeting of hands’ or, more explicitly  described in English, ‘sparring’. That being said, my methodology focuses on the original purpose of ‘the basic Gohon drill’, which is ‘kihon practice with a partner’.

 

Before I move on, I’d like to offer this rationale as it is based on the real achievement outcomes of this form of ‘kumite’. Firstly, I want to stress that the basic Gohon Kumite will not make you into a great fighter. That’s hopefully obvious and, accordingly, it shouldn’t become a pseudo form of ‘sparring against one’s partner at the expense of technique’. Though, it certainly provides a baby step towards Kumite, for beginners, by putting an ‘opponent’/‘training partner’ in front of them as opposed to doing ‘air karate’.

 

In this regard, keep in mind that “…when ‘fighting better is the aim’ train specifically for that”. Some specific examples of such fighting training include uchikomi (i.e. – line work); impact work; explosive strength training; and, of course, various forms of jiyu-kumite including the training of newaza etc).

 

So why bother with Gohon Kumite? Why not just get straight into freestyle? Well, if fighting is one’s only goal, that’s a fair point. Let's face it, in that case, you can then drop kata as well. However, if one wishes to have the prime characteristic of karate in freestyle (for something to BE karate), which is kime, the basic for Gohon Kumite is an excellent basis.

 

One of the reasons for this is that 'it’s actually a difficult drill'. This difficulty comes from its simplicity “…which provides an extremely revealing template for oneself (and an insight into others as well)”. Excellent, correct or incorrect use of the feet, legs/stance, hips, upper torso/backbone neck and head position can be immediately (and uncompromisingly) assessed. This also applies, indeed, to the shoulders, forearms, wrists and fists.

 

How is movement conducted? How is the hikite utilized, in addition to its form? How the center is moved/used and the posture is made? Chikara no kyojaku? The psychological state in both defense and attack? Kihaku without compromising form? Correct Kiai (not the bellowing sports karate sound, but a short and sharp kiai that aids explosive power to achieve kime)? Zanshin?

 

One thing I want re-emphasize today is the main point of stance work between Gohon Kumite and the next stage of training 基本一本組手 (Kihon Ippon Kumite). I will do this in reverse…. In ‘Kihon Ippon’ you drop your weight (where you are, direct, angular or rotational) in order to be immediately effective with your counterattack. This is more difficult, because even though there are more options, you have only one chance. If your waza has no 'potential penetration' of the target (where, if not literally controlled, will cause optimal damage) your karate is incorrect. In fact, practice done incorrectly in this regard will help to make your karate less effective. Unfortunately, many people practice for years—or even decades—and never know, or strictly follow this imperative point of Kihon Ippon Kumite practice. Such aspects have contributed to many karateka having ineffective real fighting skills. It's so sad, but true.

 

Going back to Gohon Kumite. It has a very different approach. Instead of dropping the weight on the spot (nor using conveniently evasive angles, in Gohon, defense must follow the line) the point of unsoku is “…to not be there!” Yes, use zenkutsu-dachi to escape the opponents attacks with each respective ukewaza as a secondary cover. Yes, the ukewaza must be utilized, but ‘making distance’ is the main point; that, is, until final attack. Beginners will be usually out of distance after the fifth step. In this cases, it’s no problem. They must keep their stance and posture, and counter into the air with good form. Remember, this is obviously not a real fight, it’s a basic training drill. That being said—after attaining competence in Kihon Ippon Kumite, later in their training—they should then adjust their final defensive step to make the perfect distance for their hangeki-waza. That is, the last step basically becomes kihon ippon. I hope that makes sense and laces these two drills together over the respective timespan.

 

You can now see how, partner kihon, and different forms of ‘the control of maai’ in relation to: (a) tachikata, shisei and unsoku; (b) kihon waza—namely trajectory and form; and indeed, (c) the inherent psychological aspects—correlate and contribute towards the advancement of skills without compromising the foundational waza. 

 

In sum, “…the basic form of Gohon Kumite is not a drill that advanced practitioners NEED to do everyday”, but it’s periodic practice for self-evaluation and refinement is extremely valuable: especially pertaining to the core fundamental techniques. If you’d like to read more on this topic, please check out my 2002 article here (published here on this site in July of 2007: https://andrebertel.blogspot.com/2007/07/gohon-kumite.html). These two articles together give a good overarching understanding of the basic form of Gohon Kumite. If there is enough interest, I will write about more advanced forms in the future. Best wishes and best training. — 押忍! André

 © André Bertel. Oita City, Japan (2021).

The HOUSE of SHOTO

Funakoshi Gichin Sensei was, of course, the founder of modern-day Karate-Do; furthermore, the founder of what became known as Shotokan-Ryu. More than these points, he was the first master to officially introduce Tode/Karate to mainland Japan from Okinawa. This name came from the masters pen name 松濤—‘Shoto’—meaning ‘Pine waves’, which was also used to label his first full time purpose built dojo facility: the Shotokan—‘the House of Shoto’.

These commonly known facts aside, Funakoshi Sensei did something else, which was a major evolution in the development of karate. He established training methods, systems and evaluations—based science and the other forms of budo already established in Honshu—in-conjunction with the karate he brought with him from Okinawa. This included improving the power of various movements by more efficiently using the body; in particular, utilizing the legs and hips for much stronger impact.

 
Talking with seniors here in Japan, there may be a little bit more to this than meets the eye. Funakoshi Sensei’s body was very small, even by Japanese standards at the time. Accordingly, it is said that he sought methods to increase the power and range of techniques to overcome his physical shortcomings. 

Ironically, one saying here in Japan is: “Everyone’s kata is different (meaning the different ryuha/kaiha). One can tell what style a person is from their kihon and kata. However, everyone looks like Shotokan when engaging in kumite”.

 

I’d like to conclude by saying that while Shotokan, and all the traditional styles are great, it is not enough to merely train without conscientious self-evaluation alongside the daily physical practice/training. To practice karate as budo/bujutsu we must seriously and constantly train and test our waza with ichigeki-hissatsu fore-mostly in mind.

To do this, we can look back to the approaches of Funakoshi Sensei and trace that to the present time. What has been lost? What have been gained? And how we make the most of ourselves through practice? ‘Using the knowledge of the past’, ‘making the most of the present’, and ‘always aiming for future improvement’. Yes, simple words, but truthful and well worth being mindful of!  

In recent times I’ve heard some criticism of Shotokan. This criticism is unfounded. In saying that, we must also be critical thinkers, in regards to our training; moreover, this must be used to improve our physical capacity via physical training. 

 

Obviously in my mid 40s I had no relationship with Funakoshi Sensei, nor, sadly, Nakayama Sensei; however my main instructor Asai Tetsuhiko Sensei did. Furthermore, my other instructors and seniors here in Japan did also. I really believe that we must appreciate what’s been handed down from the past and use this knowledge for future gains, not only for ourselves but also for the next generation.

Accordingly, Funakoshi Gichin Sensei will always be an important figure in the karate world, especially to us who practice ‘The House of Shoto’ style.

 Osu,  André

 © André Bertel. Oita City, Japan (2021).

抜塞小 (Bassai Sho) Overview

 Bassai Sho (抜塞小) Kata, in contrast with the overtly powerful Bassai Dai, is more subtle in its use of strength; furthermore, Bassai Sho utilizes smaller scale waza to undermine one’s opponent. Mindful of these points, the name Bassai (‘Penetrate the fortress’ or ‘Storm the castle’) should be understood—via the contrasting uses of power and scales of waza—within the two Shotokan versions of Bassai.

In the process of completing RYOSHO CHUDAN TSUKAMI-UKE.

Certainly, bo-jutsu cannot be overlooked when analyzing Bassai Sho, Kanku Sho, Meikyo, Jitte and, indeed, other kata featuring various ‘bo uke’. In saying that, more often than not, the waza in these kata are primarily empty handed applications against an unarmed assailant. That being said, many of the waza work more efficiently with executed with the feeling of holding a staff; in particular, when applying the various joint locks. This is a major commonality between the teachings of Kase Taiji Sensei and Asai Tetsuhiko Sensei. But I will not go into that topic here today.

 

In all of these regards what’s most interesting is the difference between bunkai and oyo. When learning the ‘kata movements’ the understanding of correct actions (trajectories and positions), in Bassai Sho, are most readily learned using a bo. This is BUNKAI in Shotokan. It’s not realistic, and realism is not the purpose. The aim is ‘correct movements and positions when learning the kata’. Please think of Nakayama Sensei’s books and videos here. Do you really think he believed that the bunkai demonstrated in these publications would be effective in the real world? Those who think so, are really stupid. Just image two guys attacking you at the same time, one from the front with a chudan mae-geri and the other from the rear with jodan oi-zuki—“oh, yes, (you think), a perfect opportunity to use my manji-uke”…

 

Of course, after learning the kata, bunkai (as termed in Shotokan) has no purpose. The focus then turns to OYO (actual 'APPLICATION'): this is the actual fighting techniques and principles to be derived from the kata—for real world self-defense.

 

I hope that this post on Bassai Sho clarifies these points.

 

Osaka Yoshiharu Sensei fine tuning my sokuto gedan-kekomi. 

In sum, we have a very ‘directly applicable style’ that is second to none: via the power from our kihon, which literally remains unsurpassed.

These points aside, I would now like to move on to each of the 27 movements of Bassai Sho.

抜塞小 (BASSAI SHO): OVERVIEW

  

Rei: Musubi dachi

 

Yoi: Heisoku dachi — Hidari shuto migi haito kafukubu mae

 

1. Ryosho juji jodan awase uke (Migi ashi mae kosa dachi).

 

2. Ryosho jodan bo uke (Migi kokutsu dachi).

 

3. Migi haito gedan sukui uke kara migi gedan barai (Heisoku dachi).

 

4. Ryosho jodan bo uke (Migi kokutsu dachi).

 

5. Saken migi haishu hidari koshi kamae (Ryo hiza kutsu—Heisoku dachi).

 

6. Migi sokuto chudan yoko geri keage doji ni haito jodan uchimawashi uchi (Hidari sagi ashi dachi).

 

7. Hidari tateshuto chudan uke (Kiba dachi).

 

8. Migi choku zuki (Kiba dachi).

 

9. Hidari choku zuki (Kiba dachi).

 

10. Hidari manji kamae (Migi kokutsu dachi).

 

11. Migi manji kamae  (Hidari kokutsu dachi).

 

12. Migi shuto chudan uke (Hidari kokutsu dachi).

 

13. Hidari shuto chudan uke (Migi kokutsu dachi).

 

14. Migi shuto chudan uke (Hidari kokutsu dachi).

 

15. Ippo sagatte hidari shuto chudan uke (Migi kokutsu dachi).

 

16. Ryo sho tsukami uke (Hidari ashi zenkutsu).

 

17.  Migi sokuto gedan yoko kekomi doji ni ryosho tsukami yose (Hidari sagi ashi dachi) —KIAI.

 

18. Ryoken chudan kakiwake uke (Migi kokutsu dachi).

 

19. Yori ashi ryoken jodan ura zuki (Migi kokutsu dachi).

 

20. Migi jodan soto uke kara ryoken hidari koshi soshite migi sokumen chudan morote zuki (Hidari sagi ashi dachi kara migi deashi barai soshite kiba dachi).

 

21. Hidari kentsui chudan uchimawashi uchi (Kiba dachi).

 

22. Migi chudan oi zuki (Migi zenkutsu dachi)—KIAI.

 

23. Migi jodan soto uke kara ryoken hidari koshi soshite migi sokumen chudan morote zuki (Hidari sagi ashi dachi kara migi deashi barai soshite kiba dachi).

 

24. Hidari jodan soto uke kara ryoken migi koshi soshite hidari sokumen chudan morote zuki (Migi sagi ashi dachi kara hidari deashi barai soshite kiba dachi).

 

25. Migi jodan soto uke kara ryoken hidari koshi soshite migi sokumen chudan morote zuki (Hidari sagi ashi dachi kara migi deashi barai soshite kiba dachi).

 

26. Ryosho chudan tsukami uke (Hidari ashi mae nekoashi dachi).

 

27. Ryosho chudan tsukami uke (Migi ashi mae nekoashi dachi). 

Naore: Heisoku dachi — Hidari shuto migi haito kafukubu mae

Rei: Musubi dachi

 

Catching up with Mr.Bassai Sho: Abe Keigo Sensei.

I was asked to comment on the conclusive movements of Bassai Sho, as taught by the late Kanazawa Hirokazu Sensei, which are more dramatic, via greater extension of the sweeping leg. For me personally, both ways are equal. More than just movement I advise all karateka to test each waza in jiyu kumite. If one method is obviously superior for that individual, use that. Likewise, if both fine, but one is more natural, use that one. A special point for me was relearning Bassai Sho from the late Abe Keigo Sensei, who insisted teaching all of the Shotokan kata exactly as Nakayama Sensei did. Of course, you will know that Abe Sensei demonstrated Bassai Sho in ‘Best Karate 9’. What's interesting about that is that Asai Tetsuhiko Sensei taught me quite differently, and Abe Sensei could tell what I was doing was from Master Asai, which actually impressed me a lot.

In my dojo, as long as the movements are effective, I do not correct technical differences; rather, I respect them! Likewise and accordingly, when testing karateka, I don’t mind the variation of form. The main point is form for functionality, which I always check and strongly encourage others to focus on as well. The key point, in this regard, as I said earlier, is that each karateka tests their waza for optimal effect as opposed to ‘inactively learning’.

Asai Sensei's Bassai Sho. as always unique and not to be copied; yet, to be emulated.

 

"What is the purpose of kihon and kata? The purpose is JISSEN KUMITE". - T. Asai.

To wrap up specifically, on Bassai Sho, and in relation to pragmatic functionality, ‘chikara no kyojaku’ (the use of power) cannot be overlooked. In fact, Bassai Sho provides an excellent template for perfecting lightness and relaxation for speed, smoothness, and accuracy. For me personally, besides fighting application, this is the most valuable technical gain from this kata.

 © André Bertel. Oita City, Japan (2021).

An insight

 Usually I do not detail my additional/supplementary daily practices, however, I decided to do that today, here in the office. My reasoning was to show how simple my non-documented self-training often is. BASICS INSIDE BASICS.

基本 (KIHON)

From migi zenkutsu-dachi with hidari seiken chudan gyaku-zuki practice the following four renzoku-waza. 

1.  (a) Load migi gedan-barai in shomen; (b) Migi gedan-barai into hanmi; and (c) Hidari chudan gyaku-zuki.

2. Repeat ‘1’ on the opposite side.

3. (a) Load migi jodan age-uke in shomen; (b) Migi jodan age-uke into hanmi; and (c) Hidari chudan gyaku-zuki.

4. Repeat ‘3’ on the opposite side.

5. (a) Load migi chudan soto-uke in shomen; (b) Migi chudan soto-uke into hanmi; and (c) Hidari chudan gyaku-zuki.

6. Repeat ‘5’ on the opposite side.

7. (a) Load migi chudan uchi-uke in shomen; (b) Migi chudan uchi-uke into hanmi; and (c) Hidari chudan gyaku-zuki.

8. Repeat ‘7’ on the opposite side.

 For these eight ren waza the focus is hand/waist timing; namely, connectivity and harmony of the johanshin and kahanshin to achieve kime (in each uke and tsuki). Very basic and not  directly practical, yet imperative for maximum power via koshi no kaiten. This practice came directly from Osaka Yoshiharu Sensei.

Assume heisoku-dachi loading migi shuto chudan-uke:

9. Step back into hidari kokutsu-dachi with migi shuto uke then return to heisoku-dachi loading hidari shuto-uke then step back into migi kokutsu-dachi with hidari shuto-uke. Repeat this alternately focusing on remaining shomen until the last moment each time to perfectly at koshi no kaiten with the completion of the tachikata and each ukewaza. Again, very simple yet critical practice to achieve maximum power in the fundamentals.

 This training perfectly relates to the previous practice with the exception of the ukewaza and tachikata.

 

 

型 (KATA)

10. 平安初段 (Heian Shodan):

Apply the previous fundamentals in Heian Shodan Kata; namely, timing of koshi no kaiten: (1) In and out with the hips in first movement using the guide hand to help; (2) In the third movement slide the right guide hand close to the body and decisively to get a full turn of the hips with turning 180 degrees; (3) Use the hips, by reserving rotation into hanmi, for kentsui tatemawashi uchi also;  (4) Keep the heel of the pillar leg planted and, for moving leg—use tsumasaki; therefore, when rotating into hanmi transfer the weight, rotate, and make jodan age-uke at the last moment; (5) Likewise, use the same transfer into shomen with the three oizuki advancing urashomen, however, make sure to conclusively vibrate the rear hip inward towards the pelvic girdle; lastly (6) When moving into kokutsu dachi with shuto uke squeeze the legs to compress and set the foot positions; moreover, make sure hands precede the stance, which is paramount for effective application.

11. 抜塞小: (Bassai Sho):

I will detail this I my next post, with some supplementary points.

  

組手 (KUMITE) 

12. 基本一本組手 (Kihon Ippon Kumite)

• Attacks: Jodan, Chudan, Maegeri, Yokokekomi, Mawashigeri.
• Defense and counterattacks: Jiyuwaza (Free/Random) -- Asai Tetsuhiko Sensei 'reflexive style'.

13. In relation to kumite I also blasted through all five of the Junro Kata, with special focus on Junro 

      Shodan in relation to the points practiced earlier in Heian Shodan and in correspondence with my 

      Kihon Ippon training. In particular, my focus 'attack timing'. In sum, Junro kata are 'kumite 

      exercises and kihon more than kata. If one has this understanding and puts this into practice, they 

      have great value: otherwise, no value, just movement. For most people, this is the case.

© André Bertel. Oita City, Japan (2021).

Behavior in movement means 'application' in karate.

 

In this photo you can see that I'm executing a jodan mae-geri kekomi with tsumasaki. This can be directed to the face, in particular the eyes, also the throat at jodan level. It is not a finishing blow but it is still very effective and nearly invisible outside of the dojo. When wearing shoes, this waza can still be well applied.

On the topic of KARADA NO BUKI (the weapons of the body) I'd like to point out a few points 'lost in translation'. In the past, I have used these to conform with Western standards; however, I regret that as sometimes this is creates confusion.

Here are three examples...

HAITO            

RIDGE HAND         

(Japanese) BACK SWORD

SEIRYUTO     

OX JAW HAND       

(Japanese) BLUE DRAGON SWORD

KAKUTO        

BENT WRIST          

(Japanese meaning) CRANE HEAD

This brief post was based upon a request. One challenge I have is that while I read and write kanji, I forget that many karateka outside Japan do not. This sometimes means that they get 'lost in translation'. Beyond this point, because I'm a native English speaker, the English definitions of karate terms are also indoctrinated in me. 

These points aside and, with them in mind, by confirming the 'correct definition of aspects in karate' progression can be sped up. Such things may seem insignificant, however, conceptualization shapes ones behavior. Behavior in movement means 'application' in karate.

 押忍

© André Bertel. Oita City, Japan (2021).

前屈立ち

By request from one of my deshi I was asked to write an article on stationary zenkutsu-dachi. I thought that I'd keep it really simple and highlight the most basic points in the most simplistic manner possible. Overall, I hope that this is useful for everyone, even my seniors here in Japan who conversely want to convey their teachings into English for the next generation. One of the good points of having English as my mother language and Japanese, is that besides training itself, I can get lots of information then translate that, when I teach.

Basic zenkutsu-dachi in a transitional period after shomen.

   So here we go! BASIC ZENKUTSU-DACHI

(1.0) Formation of zenkutsu dachi (shomen) 

The usual width of the stance is that of the hip joints, to be specific, the inside edges of both feet are the same with as the outside edges of the hips.

The length is dependent upon, and dictated by the flexibility of the ankles and hips. These dictating factors are firstly that rear foot can point more to the front than the side. Ideally this is about a 30 degree angle, but no more than the less ideal 45 degree; furthermore, that the outside edge of the foot can be made completely flat. Secondly, that a perfectly aligned shomen (frontal/forward facing) position can be achieved. This also includes pelvic, back and head/neck alignment. Thirdly, the straight expansion of the rear leg and ‘rolling over of its respective thigh’ with harmony of the knee, upper leg and corresponding hip joint. Keep in mind not only the frontal alignment of shomen but also the lateral alignment; that is, tilting the upper body to either side.

 The front foot is pointing approximately one toe-width inwards. To be more specific, the outside edge of the foot is facing directly forward as opposed to the toes. The knee head of the front leg is usually directly above the tips of the front foots toes; furthermore, the front knee must not be allowed to collapse inward nor be pushed outward unnaturally. Accordingly, there is a very subtle inward squeeze so the outside of the front knee and corresponding thigh are in perfect alignment. This methodology makes a strong connection between the thighs of both legs which feels like the formation of metaphorical triangle. Like the rear feet, the front foot is completely flat on the floor

 

(1.1) Rotating into zenkutsu dachi (hanmi)

Once the zenkutsu-dachi shomen position is acquired one is equipped to utilize koshi no kaiten (hip rotation) to transfer into hanmi or the ‘half-facing’ position. Whilst this position is not as strong as shomen it is elusive for defense and allows for a strong counter rotation.

To make hanmi, push from the heel of the lead foot and rotate the hips diagonally towards the rear leg. The degree of the rotation is variable but typically ranges between 45 and 90 degrees. More subtle turns of the hips are also utilized. The key points in this rotation are as follows: firstly, keep the front knee and leg as set as possible—no pulling back or wobbling sideways, likewise keep the head set and facing directly forward; secondly, when rotating into hanmi the axis of rotation should be the rear shoulder and rear hip—imagine a pole from pointing perfectly straight down through these joints; thirdly, keep the hips perfectly level at all times; fourthly, required to achieve the previous point, without any changes below the rear knee, slightly contract the rear leg by bending and rolling it outwards. Without this point the waist bio-mechanically cannot be kept on a perfectly level plans, moreover, the imperative drive of the rear leg cannot be fully applied in the counter rotation; fifthly, be conscientious about the contraction of the rear legs gluteus-maximus muscle. To clarify this, it should be slightly contracted/tilted under and a little lowered, but not enough to make any change in height whatsoever.

It is important to conclude that when utilizing this action, with lead arm techniques, use the hips/waist as coordinated unit to hurl the limb.

(1.2) Counter rotation from zenkutsu-dachi (hanmi) into zenkutsu-dachi (shomen)

To counter rotate from hanmi to shomen in zenkutsu-dachi, in contrast shomen to hanmi one must use kakato-chushin driving with the rear heel to expand (stretch/straighten) the rear and roll it inward and downward. This is, of course, subtle tai no shinshuku (the contraction/compression and expansion/stretching of the body). Again, the front leg should be made as still as possible, in particular, the front knee must not be pulled back. This elucidates the meaning of zenkutsu-dachi, which translates as the ‘forward leaning stance’; nonetheless, carefully insure this forward leaning does not involve any forward bending of the upper body, which must remain perfectly upright irrespective of the rotational action.

Expanding on the rotational action be sure to not only turn the hips but also drive them towards the target. That is, drive from the rear heel, thrust of the back, rotating then forward thrusting of the hips. This is the first variation of this action—one line from the ground up. The second way is start at the center to establish a line of power via two lines starting from the center; that is, the power is sent in two directions. In this case, the rear leg is thrusted from the top down to the corresponding heel and coordinated with respective waza. Put another way, the first methodology is pushing with the rear kakato and sokuto; whereas, the second method is pushing the kakato and sokuto into the floor/ground.

 

(1.3) How to make zenkutsu-dachi (gyaku-hanmi)

Whether in zenkutsu shomen or hanmi to make gyaku-hanmi (the reverse half-facing position) is same with the exception of the scale of rotation. From shomen this rotation with naturally be less. Also, irrespective of the preceding position, unlike hanmi, the rear leg position must be like that of shomen; that is, straightened to propel the hip of the rear forward and beyond the position of shomen. The stance here is very important to highlight, as while it is a form of zenkutsu-dachi it is in fact simply called (migi/hidari) ‘zenkutsu’ or by Asai Tetsuhiko Sensei and the older generation of instructors here in Japan (migi/hidari) ‘shokutsu-dachi’. Irrespective of the respective term used, this variation of zenkutsu-dachi is shorter and narrower than the regular version. The length of this position is dependent on hip flexibility, the main point being the maximum extension forward of the rear legs hip. The width has the rear legs heel in line with the inside edge of the front foot; nonetheless, a fist width wider than this is also accepted as correct form. Keep in mind when attacking with this position aim is to get as much hip power into the technique as possible; whilst, when defending the application is avoid the respective attack as much as possible. In either case this action uses the hips to the limit. It is also worth noting that many Japanese masters teach that knee can pass the tips of toes in this stance.

When making ‘techniques in a different direction from zenkutsu’ this variation is termed as ‘(migi/hidari) ashi-kutsu’. A quick an easy example of this to avoid a long explanation is movement 11 of Heian Yondan Kata and all the rearward gedan-barai in Enpi.

(1.4) Movement in zenkutsu-dachi

Obviously I could on and about this subject, however, I want to keep it simple today and focus on what is critically important. With that in mind "...Irrespective of the movement, the aim is to “…optimally move the center for attack—to use maximum mass in one’s attack"; also, to move the center for optimal defense." The relationship between kakato (the heels) and tsumasaki (toes)—in Shotokan—plays a very important part in kihon. In fact, this is a very central point, in the karate I’ve inherited, and to be frank is 'a very deep well’.

From this point we can readily see the famous maxim: ‘attack with your stance and defend with your stance’. Moreover, this highlights that the stances in karate, in application, are not static positions but, rather, active and transitional; that is, pragmatic/functional.

  

One point I need to reiterate is the use of the kakato (heels) and tsumasaki (toes), which in my coaching/teaching I have dubbed ‘The kakato—tsumasaki relationship’. Depending on the waza, and its application, the heels and toes are used optimally. This optimization, in budo karate, is not merely for good form or demonstration; rather, the objective is optimal effectiveness in actual self-defense. Zenkutsu-dachi is powerful attack as it allows one to fully apply their mass into a target; hence, its high emphasis not only in Shotokan but the majority of other kaiha and ryuha as well. My biggest advice here is not only make it a position or a movement; instead, make it ADAPTABLE in accordance with spontaneity in relation to the situation at hand. This, of course is not only for zenkutsu-dachi, but for ALL EFFECTIVE KARATE.

 押忍 – AB.

© André Bertel. Oita City, Japan (2021).

CORRECT 三戦立 (SANCHIN DACHI)

三戦立

                                                                   SANCHIN-DACHI

Sanchin-dachi is a particularly important tachikata in the kata of Naha-Te. However, don't get caught up in the geographical stuff, Okinawa is a small place, and Funakoshi Gichin Sensei was a genius instructor; hence, his fame and the success of his karate. Sanchin means ‘three battles’. These are technically related to the coordination of stance and movement, technique, and breathing; however, also to ‘shingitai’. It is sometimes poetically referred to, in Western karate circles, as 'the hourglass stance'; however, like many other translations, I think this is a disservice to proper understanding.

Naifanchi kata (Tekki) is the tanden base for Shuri-Te, Sanchin kata is the tanden base for Naha-Te. Consequently, these two tachikata and their bio-mechanics, and applications, cannot be overlooked. In saying that, Shotokan gives a top down position for Naifanchi-dachi, as the style is more refined and effective. Whereas, with Sanchin-dachi, most Shotokan karateka are particularly disadvantaged.

Today I’d like to help rectify this problem by correctly detailing Sanchin-dachi. So from now, I will some background info before verifying the correct stance.

In the standard 26 Shotokan-Ryu kata Sanchin-dachi appears merely five times:

ニ十四歩 (Nijushiho): (1) movement four flowing into movement five; (2) movement 32 flowing into movement 33; (3) and the final action, movement 34

雲手 (Unsu): (4) movement 45; and (5) movement 46.

Sanchin-dachi appears many times in the kata Asai Sensei’s introduced. To name a few: 明鏡ニ段 (Meikyo Nidan/Matsumura Rohai), 百八歩 (Hyakuhappo/Hyakuhachiho/Suparinpei), 火手 (Kashu/Hi no te), 安三 (Ansan), 雷光 (Raiko) etcetera. Needless to say, these kata force one to make a correct sanchin.

I’d like to conclude by providing the foundational test for one’s Sanchin-dachi  for projecting power (as opposed to absorbing impact). After assuming migi ashi mae sanchin-dachi extend teisho awase-zuki. From here have a training partner strongly push your palms. With the correct aforementioned form the force of the opponents push will be absorbed into the ground as opposed to being resisted primary by the arms and upper body. Of course practice this also in hidari ashi mae sanchin- dachi and later with various turns, seiken-zuki and so forth.

Finally I explain ‘how to make a correct sanchin-dachi’ in Shotokan-Ryu. Please note that in other Ryuha/Kaiha there are sometimes slight variations.

Key Points of Sanchin-Dachi:

1. Keep the upper body in shomen at all times. No hanmi.

2. Unless using dynamic tenshin (i.e. - like in kata such as Sanchin and Tensho) do not contract the seika tanden forward; rather, keep natural with a subtle lock). This is usually an expansive stance which requires the posture to be upright whilst the stance is inward tension. 

3. The back foot: the outside edge (sokuto/sword foot) points directly ahead or ever so slightly inward. Outward is incorrect. Asai Sensei taught greater inversion of the rear foot, and that's my particular way. However, I need to say that this is the 'Nakayama Masatoshi Sensei JKA style methodology'. I like this as I can generate more explosive power.

4. The front foot is 30 degrees or so pointing inwards.

5. The weight distribution is 50/50 with the knees bent in accordance to spontaneous functionality.

6. The power is inwards towards the seichusen and from the heels directed to the front.

7. When moving straighten the front foot (same as the form of the rear foor) then crescent step to the aforementioned front foot position).

8. Lastly, make sure that the big toe of the rear foot is 'approximately on the same line' as the heel of the front foot. A longer Sanchin beyond several centimeters is incorrect and this is a common error due to the high emphasis on extended tachikata in Shotokan.

I will conclude on that note today. My hope is that this somewhat helps your SANCHIN-DACHI.

This post is dedicated to Chuck Merriman Shihan who just passed away. A master of Goju Ryu Karate, an absolute gentleman, and of course, Sanchin. RIP.

© André Bertel. Oita City, Japan (2021).