One does not have to have perfect form but, rather, understand and use each tachikata correctly. This means finding the optimal stance for one's body, condition, age, injuries and so forth.
Consistent with the teachings of Masters Funakoshi, Nakayama and Asai (and irrespective of width and depth, please read about this in the next paragraph) the weight ratio is 3:7.
As already mentioned, the weight and depth of the stance is the maximum one can do without compromising form and functionality. It is easy to establish this by simply checking if the posture is distorted and/or the correct foot positions cannot be made. Either of these problems means that the stance must either be shortened, made less deep, or both.
Please note - some senior instructors/organizations teach even more weight should be on the back leg. In IKS (International Karate Shotokan) we respect these differences and encourage senior grades to find the optimal stance for themselves.
Key Points
The lead foot ideally points directly forward or towards the prime opponent. The lead thigh and knee are 'lightly rolled outwards' to ensure correct leg and foot alignment from the hips downward. The lead hip is slightly tilted downward - this is 'the lock'. Needless to say, having 30 percent or less weight on the lead leg makes it easy to whip out a leg technique. But more importantly, it allows one in a stationary position/without moving the foot to get out of distance and then immediately rebound to counterattack.
The rear foot ideally points 90 degrees to the side. In IKS we teach the best way to do this is to make sure that the sokuto/sword foot (outside edge of the rear foot) is exactly 90 degrees. Pressure must also be applied to the sokuto to keep the foot completely flat on the ground/floor. The thigh is slightly pressed outward so that the hip, leg, and foot, are all in-line.
Again, as mentioned earlier Shisei (Posture) must be correct. Stance refers to the hips downward, and posture refers to the hips upward. In sum, good foundational posture is the alignment of the hips/ pelvis, backbone and head/neck.
Conclusive remarks
Lastly, do not worry if you are older, have less flexibility or have injuries. A beautiful stance in Budo Karate is an effective stance. Many Shotokan champions in sports karate, even world champions, have very deep and athletic looking stances; nevertheless, the stance configurations are completely incorrect. They have both incorrect form and no functional meaning. So don't be so concerned about looks; rather, focus on correctness and effectiveness.
Correct and effective stances are inherently beautiful (to those who know what true Shotokan is). Sadly, the number of such people is now diminishing.
©︎ André Bertel. Oita City, Japan (2024).
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